Developing a marketing mix for a new product or service Essay

In this assignment I will be looking at how product and services are marketed and look at how a marketing mix is developed using the four P’s: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. The Marketing Mix provides an excellent framework for developing marketing plan. They are generally accepted as being made up of four parts which are: †¢Product †¢Price †¢promotion †¢place These are ideas to consider when marketing a product and shall be described in more detail below:- The Four ‘P’s Product A product is anything that can be offered to the market to satisfy a customer needs and desires. Product include physical goods, services experiences, events, person, place and etc. It is therefore the combination of goods and service that are offered to the target consumer. A business will constantly change and update its product range and mix to constantly please their customers and be above competitors. A product can be viewed in three different levels: Level 1: The core Product (rather than the physical product) is the benefit of the production that makes it valuable to you. Level 2: The actual product is the physical item. At this level branding and added features and benefits are important as this what will differentiate the product from competitors. Level 3: The augmented product is additional value beyond the physical product: it usually consist of after-sales service, warranties, delivery and so on. The extent of the mix is another significant issue. If a business doesn’t have many products, there is a chance that one will go out of date as newer type of products are in the market and this can seriously damage the business scale. It is recommended to never have one product in one market as if the product isn’t successful and fails this could mean a complete failure of the business. Some businesses will adapt and anticipate change, while  others reacts to the need to change. An example of this is that IPhone makes changes to their products such as their mobile phones, they add more features to their products giving their customers a range of features to look for in a product. Once a business has identified their target group of customers it has to know what products or services it needs to do and provide in order to appeal and attract to them. The information they provide their customers should illustrate the features of the product or service so that the customers know what to expect and it reaches their expectations and the business will make a profit. However it’s important to take into consideration that the benefits to a customer are not always for a practical sense there are psychological benefits such as status for example. An example of this is if everyone has a specific phone and a person went and got the same phone they may get it more for a status reason. The product life cycle concept reflects the theory that product, like people, live a life. They go through 4 stages. The main stages of the product life cycle are: †¢Introduction- researching, developing and then launching the product †¢Growth-when sales are increasing at their fastest rate †¢Maturity-sales are near their highest, but the rate of growth is slowing down, e.g. new competitors in market or saturation †¢Decline-final stage of the cycle, when sales begin to fall So understanding what part of the cycle your product is in will shape your marketing mix. Price Price is the one element of the marketing mix that revenue; the others produce costs. A business must set a price for a product and in deciding the products price; marketing must follow a six-step-process. 1.Select the price objective-This could be to survive or to maximize market share. 2.Determine demand-the higher the price, the lower the demand. 3.Estimate cost-charge a price that covers the cost of producing, distributing and selling the product. 4.Analyze competitors’ costs, prices and offers-take into account its competitors cost and prices setting its price. 5.Select a pricing strategy-there a number of pricing, which is listed below. 6.Select the final place-this is decided after testing on a range of pricing points. Premium pricing This is where the business will keep the price of a product or service high in order to encourage customer to associate it will high quality. Penetration pricing This is when a product is sold into a market at a low initial price in order to generate sales before the price is increased. Economy pricing Economy pricing is the deliberate setting of low price in order to boost sales. Skim pricing when launching a new product there will be less competition in the marketplace. Skimming involves setting as reasonably high initial returns from those consumers willing to buy the new product. Psychological pricing This based on customer pricing method. It relies on consumer’s emotive responses, subjective views and feeling towards specific purchases. Captive product pricing This is a strategy that can apply to products with consumable supplies. This is where the pricing at high prestige levels, otherwise they will not sell; customers equate higher quality with higher prices. Product line pricing This is the pricing of different products within the same product range at different price points. Place Place in marketing mix refers to where the product is purchased from and how it’s distributed. For example, most consumer of confectionery will buy products form retail stores. Businesses need to adapt their marketing mix depending on the end customers- that is whether they are a consumer or reseller- as each seek different benefits from the same product. Distribution A business may use two types of distribution method: indirect or direct. Indirect distribution is when a business sells its products via an intermediary such as wholesaler, who then sells to retailers. Direct distribution is where the business sells and distributes direct to the customers. Choosing indirect distribution may mean that a business loses some of the control over the pricing of their products, as they have offer discounts to wholesalers and retailers, who may choose to pass on saving to their customers. Online The growth of online shopping have given businesses a new place to sell their products to customers. This offers businesses an advantage as they can sell directly to the customers. This mean they can avoid the wholesaler and therefore increasing the profit margin on their products. The promotional mix involves the blending of number of variables to satisfy the needs of a business’s target market and achieve its organizational objectives. With the promotional mix, a business attempts to achieve the best blend of promotional elements to suit their promotional objectives. The components of the promotional mix are: †¢Advertising †¢Sales promotion †¢Personal selling †¢Public relations Advertising This may be defined as paid promotions through various media by businesses, non profit organizations and individual’s that are in some way identified in the advertising message and hope to inform or persuade members of particular audience. Advertisers have many tricked up their selves such as: †¢Excitement †¢Personality power †¢Put-down: Business put down their competitions †¢Jumping on the bandwagon: Advertisements encourage the audience to join the crowd. Personal selling This is where a seller presents a product direct to a consumer often face to face but can be done over the phone and through video conferencing. Public relations This covers a firm’s communications and relationships with its public. This includes customers, suppliers, stockholders, employees, the government, the general public and the society in which the organization operates. This can be formal or informal. Publicity is important part of effective public relations efforts. It can be defined as the non-personal stimulation of  demand for a good, service, person or cause. Sales promotion This is related to marketing activities that fall outside of the categories such as coupons, trade shows, displays, samples and other promotional efforts that occur on an irregular basis. Some of these promotions are short term and opportunistic. In this assignment I have examine how products and services are marketed and look at how a marketing mix is developed using the four p’s: Product, Price, Place and Promotion.

Persuasive paper Essay

Is it right to die? I would state the question in another format, is there a right to die? It is the most difficult question to receive an answer as we focus on people suffering from different conditions, be it psychological, physical or emotional, that beyond doubt, have led to terminal illness. I cannot give a straight yes or a straight no. The debate has been so hot in several nations. Several stakeholders are considering going the Oregon way. The whole debate focuses on suicide. By way of philosophy and other disciplines of ethics, it is very difficult to judge whether suicide is wrong or right. It has hitherto paused hard questions that get diverse responds from different persons. These persons can be philosophers from different eras, different geographical regions, and customs. It is further mesmerizing that those of the same times, similar traditions, and even same places arrive at different answers as pertains this very subject. If euthanasia was to be made legal, there are no criteria that can be used to determine the very genuine cases. Those people who proposes this action, as they define the rights of a person focuses narrowly on the normal cases only; an adult person, who is in his or her right mind, acting in their own volition, putting in consideration his or her own possessions or those entrusted to this person. I would therefore question the basis for determining the abnormal circumstances, and the limits that are sensible in today’s cultural situation. In this, we think of the slippery slope concern, soon many cases will transit to explicit murder. We will not have guarantee for people who instigate murder and claim that the people they killed were more than willing to die. The people that will fall as victims of this murder are the disable, disadvantaged, or those considered to be â€Å"undesirable† in the society – those who are a burden to their caregivers or even the state, which should be obliged to giving indiscriminate care to all groups of people. Goldberg (n. d), states that, â€Å"Thus, many U. S. ommentators fear that, if assisted suicide and euthanasia were legalized, death would be inflicted unwillingly on disabled, disadvantaged, or otherwise â€Å"undesirable† individuals who might be considered a burden by their caregivers or the state† (Goldberg, n. d). He continues to say that â€Å"Biased physicians, family members, or managed care organizations might consciously or subconsciously influence difficult or expensive patients to take advantage of assisted suicide† (Goldberg, n. d). It is also clear that no human endeavour is immune of abuse. This will make the Oregon requirement difficult to trust. Even ‘acting on one’s own volition’ is still not good because many patients may act quickly without enough information of existing medical care, thinking that their fate is just death. So why wont we restrict the ‘person’s autonomy’ till the person is fully informed? Thinking this way will definitely call for not legalising euthanasia. John Stuart Mill gives an example of person who wants to cross a broken bridge, as he concludes he says that this person would not really continue to do that if he is fully informed about the dangers of going that way (Mill, 2005). The other concern that we have is that this practice will be in total contradiction with the present physicians’ role as healer. It is a stipulation that physicians should always do their best to save lives and not destroy them at all. The physicians’ role should be limited to saving lives as it has been over time. Legalizing euthanasia means that the physicians’ role is broadened to the point of the patients’ advocate in the maters concerning their own health and ways they want it to be handled. This will arouse the craving of patients to commit suicide and allow many cases that would otherwise be alleviated, to run to the worst. Still on the issue of rights, every one has a right that is inherent in nature and anyone should not interfere with the individual’s rights. People should therefore exercise their own rights without interfering with others’ and no one should interfere with the autonomy of this individual. As we say that rights are inherent in an individual, we are saying that these person posses this rights because of the life that he has. Without this life, the rights he claims to have are null and void. This takes us to the point that no one should interfere with the life because it is the carrier of this same rights. Mill states that, â€Å"But by selling himself for a slave, he abdicates his liberty; he forgoes any future use of it, beyond that single act† (Mill, 2005, pp 67). He continues to say, â€Å"He therefore defeats, in his own case, the very purpose which is the justification of allowing him to dispose of himself† (Mill, 2005, pp 67). In our case the person who decides to die no longer has the autonomy that we advocate to give in allowing them to die. The person defeats his own reason for wanting to die. Mill continues to say, â€Å"He is no longer free; but is thenceforth in a position which has no longer the presumption in its favor, that would be afforded by his voluntarily remaining in it† (Mill, 2005, pp 67). He concludes on this matter that, â€Å"The principle of freedom cannot require that he should be free not to be free, it is not freedom, to be allowed to alienate his freedom† (Mill, p 67). If we have to protect the autonomy of individuals then we should protect their lives too. We can still work without euthanasia because many of our physicians have worked hard and are still working hard to come up will the best palliative care for the terminally ill people. Under good circumstances of proper palliative care, this practice will be unnecessary. This care can conserve the dignity of terminally ill people till they die. It is therefore our responsibility to give them this care rather than to help them kill themselves, which is not dignified at all (Chochinov, 2002). Though, the numbers of people supporting euthanasia is growing with time, everyone should think about the above-discussed concerns. This will help each one of us know that we are capable of giving good care to terminally ill patients without letting them die suicidal deaths. We can think it right that allowing them to die is actually denying them their autonomy, and hence the inherent rights. We should always strive to give perfect care than to kill.

Morrisons PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Morrisons PLC - Essay Example specially during a period where intense competition and rising prices of doing business in grocery have squeezed profit margins available to retailers. Morrisons has recently experienced losses as it has struggled to integrate the Safeway chain of stores into its own retail base, which has caused its annual profits to drop substantially. Its shares plunged 3% in 2005, to recover somewhat by the end of the year and close off at 183 p or a 2% plunge of 3.75 pence.(Flanagan, 2005). As opposed to the predictions of financial analysts of an income of around 225 million pounds, it only posted profits of around 134.2 million pounds before taxation, with an earnings per share of 3 pounds and 52 pence.(www.morrisons.co.uk, 2006/7). In 2006 however, the position has improved for the 52 weeks that ended January 29, 2006, as per the revised income statement that has recently been published by Morrisons.(www.morrisons.co.uk, 2007). While the losses before taxation were reported as 312.9 million pounds, the same figure shoots upward to 374.4 million pounds when taking into account the Safeway conversion costs. However, the adjusted income before taxation is 61.5 million pounds profit, with net profit after taxes being 45.9 million pounds. However, as pointed out above, the earnings per share of the Company have dropped to 3.52 pounds per share in 2006. The current share prices of Morrison stock is in the range of 250 to 260 pence and has been moving within this range to about 350 pence, which is an average of about 3 pounds per share. The price to earnings ratio is therefore 3 /3.5 = 0.87, which provides an indication that the stock may be overpriced as compared to the returns that are being generated from it. Earnings on stocks are not substantial either, and the high price to earnings ratio provides an indication that that investors may not be actively pursuing purchase of this stock because of their perception that it does not offer very high potential for gain and is in

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Research Paper Example To this effect, cyberbullying may be described as the use of instruments or provisions of information and communication technologies such as cell phones, e-mails, chart rooms, instant messaging and online social forums such as Facebook, WassUp, Skype or Twitter to exact, convey or support harassment, issuance of threats or intimidation of an individual. Some circles in the legal fraternity usually define cyberbullying as the employment of IT-related technologies such as the Internet and a phone or a computer or a computer to harass or harm other people, deliberately, repeatedly and in a hostile manner. Others define cyberbullying as the use of technology to threaten, harass, target or embarrass another person. The latter definition is important in understanding aspects [particularly, the objectives] of cyberbullying. The only flaw in it is the wide qualification of technology. While technology is wide-ranging, cyberbullying is only specific to IT technology. In a closely related wave length, cyberbullying occurs among young people. In the event that adults are involved, it is more fitting to describe the act of using IT technology to harass, embarrass, threaten or target another individual as cyber-stalking or cyber-harassment. In respect to the foregoing, it is most sound and safer from controversy, to define and describe cyberbullying as the use of IT technology by a child or a teenager to harass, embarrass, threaten or target child or teenager. The Reality of the Threat of Cyberbullying Although majority of the US and the world’s population is convinced about the dangers of cyberbullying, yet there is general ignorance on the magnitude of this threat. The magnitude of the threat at hand is underscored by several programs and activities which the US government has sanctioned in response to the danger of cyberbullying. One of these programs is the Be safe and Sound in School program, which aims at improving the safety and security of the American nationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s schools through the mobilization of parents, elected officials, school administrators, policymakers and students. There is also a federal government-run website which is under the management of the US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington D.C. The website provides resources on cyberbullying and the conventional form of bullying and avails necessary tools, publications and training, as a way of preparing children against cyberbullying and bullying. There is also the New Cyberbullying Resource for Victim Service Providers and the New Cyberbullying Tip Sheet. That the US would go the length to form these agencies as a way of countering cyberbullying and bullying is telling on the prevalence of cyberbullying in America. As if the provisions of cyberbullying above are not enough, statistical provisions from the i-SAFE foundation continue to underscore the prevalence of cyberbullying. According to statistical provisions from i-SAFE, more than half of teenagers and a dolescents

Answer some questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer some questions - Essay Example Paul said he found Anna cute and feminine, and when he started talking to her he found out she was smart and funny as well. Anna said she found Paul interesting, down-to earth and comfortable to be with. As they got to know each other better (and Anna found out that Paul was not gay after all), they fell deeply in love and became sweethearts for a long time even way after college. They went steady for a decade before deciding to get married. They knew that they were meant for each other and accepted each other for all their strengths and weaknesses. They decided to marry because they wanted to spend the rest of their lives and grow old together. Paul admitted that he had a string of girlfriends before he met Anna and even played around when they were going steady. However, he promised her that once they got married, he would remain faithful to her only. He became more responsible because he knew he had another person to take care of and not just himself. With Anna, he became more independent and learned to be a good homemaker. Since she did the chores, she became better at cooking, cleaning and making their home cosy and comfortable for both of them. When they had a son, they became even closer as they relied on each other in raising him as well. Paul and Anna had their own share of difficulties in their marriage. Money was often tight since they were not earning enough, but they found ways to survive so as not to get hungry and still pay the bills. They were fortunate enough to have the supportive people around them who showered their son with gifts and nice things that they themselves could not afford. They made sure their son would have a good and comfortable life as they promised to do their best to give it to him. After being together for 28 years, Paul and Anna (10 years as steady boyfriend-girlfriend and 18 years married) are still deeply in love with each other. It is not only a romantic relationship, but a true friendship and partnership. They

Analysis film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis film - Essay Example It is the male that is expected to go to school to provide for the family which is very common among patriarchal families. The female gaze in the film Real Women Have Curves may not have a sexual connotation of looking down at women as mere sex objects but it still bore traditional thinking and relegation of women to be subjects of their family, husband and community. It is imposed on women albeit in the film it was not imposed by a male figure but Ana’s mother played a surrogate male figure of subjecting Ana to gender roles of being domesticated and not to aspire too much. This kind of female gaze that is associated with gender oppression is Laura Mulvey in her work "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema† where the concept of gaze and its dynamics is said to be a manifestation of imbalance of power between the male and the female where the male dominates the female. There may be no dominant male figure in the film but gender oppression was imposed on Ana by making her work in a sweatshop instead of pursuing her dream of going to college. In the film, Ana’s mother played a substitute â€Å"male gaze† because she imposes on Ana the traditional male oriented patriarchal values of not getting an education. This is evident in Mulvey’s theory which Freudian in origin where she â€Å"breaks scopophilia down into an active part, which is always  male, and a passive part, which is always female. Women are the objects that are looked† (Finzsch). In Mulvey’s male gaze, the male’s patriarchal role is extended to the film where the male imposes a hegemonic gaze to Ana as a subject of family to do their wishes even against her will or own ambition. This produces an imbalance relationship as women are reduced to an object of two distinct modes of male gaze where they became Madonna’s in male perspective (voyeuristic) or whores (fetishistic) or in this case, a

Current wall street Journal Opinion Article Essay

Current wall street Journal Opinion Article - Essay Example In fact, you have been fooled after all. Well, I would not be surprised if you have dropped your jaw that wide, but it is absolutely true: the discounts that you got from retailers are not really discounts; they are just the moving elements of the discount game. The most ordinary of assumptions that we have is that discounted products are actually stock up goods that were not sold; so the retailers are lowering down their price by offering discounts just to avoid heavy inventory at the end of the day. This is your first pitfall. The truth is that retailers are working rearwards with their suppliers in order to come up with prices that protect their gross margins: the difference between the cost of the product and the starting price. For instance, consider a Lee pants that is on sale for say 45% off its â€Å"supposed† starting price of $200 so that you can take it home at $110 does not actually offer you discount at all: the pants is actually worth less than $200; the starting price was actually calculated with the discount included. They take the products from their suppliers at a very low price but they put a flat margin on top of the additional amount intended to take on the discount. The problem is that buyers are not so mindful about how much they have spent and if what they have spent really commensurate to the quality of the product that they bought. This should have not been a pitfall in the first place because many of the products these days that were sold at full price but were put on sale for a 40% to 50% discount have illegitimate prices. Think about a pair of shoes that costs $200 – it would not appear like a legitimate price especially if the brand is not known and if it has been stocked up in the store for a long period of time. Now here is the most amazing truth about this discount illusion: in an article written by Suzanne Kapner (2013) for the Wall Street Journal, she found that from 2009 to 2012, the deals offered by â€Å"31 m ajor department stores and apparel retailers increased 63%. That includes an average discount of 36% from what the previous 25%. But what is more astonishing is that the gross margins were flat at 27.9%. This means that notwithstanding the whopping discount offers retailers have for their customers, their gross margins are not affected at all. This is because the margins are set at a flat rate of about 28%; the discount is only then added to the price once the margin is established. In other words, the discounts are computed based on the original starting price. And just try to think about it this way: if retailers are selling products like they are almost giving them, why have not they got into closure yet? They should have long gone bankrupted if this is the case. But majority of the discounts are actually rated into the product. Knowing all about this discount game may appall many buyers, but in fact, the stupidity of this entire thing is that the original price from which the di scounts are being determined if, most of time, erroneous or false considering that original prices normally does not aim for salability: no one would ever attempt to buy an ordinary shirt for $50; but starting prices are rooted from the excessive markups of the products. Hence, if you got a shirt for 40% off the starting price of $50, and got it at $30, retailers

Protech Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Protech Business Plan - Essay Example Please refer to annexure 4 for more details on the financial situation. Currently, Protech has 2 brands for different segments. The PC industry is at the stage where demand is expected to boom at an unprecedented rate. Market is very attractive because products are just being introduced. Furthermore, there are so many new technologies and the need for new PCs is always increasing. There are so many strengths that we need to leverage on, and so many opportunities that we can seize. At the same time weaknesses and threats are required also to be re-evaluated along with correction action plans. "Protech" Company was established in quarter 1 to introduce a new line of microcomputers into Asia, United States, Canada and Europe. Management team was established to perform different responsibilities. Please see annexure 1 for the vice presidents in charge of each function. The mission of Protech is to empower our clients to work effectively by innovation and building enhanced technologies tailored specifically to meet our customers' needs, with high realization gains to our shareholders and keeping in mind the community. Our target markets are smaller, high margin segment, i.e. Workhorse and Mercedes, in the largest and more expensive geographic markets. Its factory was built in the first quarter in Toronto and started with production capacity of 25 units per day. Two sales offices were established in the same quarter. One is an electronic web center and the other one was a brick-and-mortal sales office in New York. This city was chosen due to its relatively high potential demand compared with other cities based on our market research. Please see annexure 2 for 12 month potential demand in different cities. One of the most important decisions in 1st quarter was

Summary of an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Summary of an article - Essay Example In his article, Tiebout stresses that this concern is different if the governments can â€Å"provide goods to citizens who can move to distinct communities† (Stoddard n.p.). The rationale is that if the people are confronted with a collection of communities that afford various kinds or levels of goods or services, then the people will be placed in a framework wherein they are able to choose communities that best serve their interests. This is a potential resolution to this â€Å"free ride problem† as citizens will be given options based on their capacity to take on tax burdens: citizens with high demands for public goods may choose to focus on communities that provide the corresponding levels of services and taxes. On the other hand, those who could not afford high levels of services and taxes may choose to concentrate on communities has low demands. The gist of this potential intervention, according to Tiebout, is to ensure that every citizen get their fair share of pu blic goods and services. Tiebout believes that Samuelson’s article largely focused on the public goods at the central level. He observes that while Samuelson and Musgrave claimed that public good provision can be optimal, this can only exist if the citizens express their true preferences through voting. Nevertheless, in reality, this is not what is happening: citizens are devaluing their preferences and demands in order to preclude high taxes. He identifies that this model merely presumes that provision of public goods can only be carried out by central governments. Tiebout balks with this idea and resorts to local governments. He comes up with a model that considers local governments as providers of public goods. He proposes that local governments, like central governments, generate a parcel of public goods. Tiebout believes that local governments can provide optimum public

Putting a Stop to Film Piracy Essay Example for Free

Putting a Stop to Film Piracy Essay Film piracy is one of the most lucrative forms of intellectual property theft in the United States and in the rest of the world. Movies are illegally copied, reproduced, and mass distributed in different ways such as in replicated DVDs or through the Internet for financial gains. Piracy is an act of stealing and it â€Å"includes the unauthorized copying, distribution, performance or other use of copyrighted materials† such as movies and television shows (Motion Picture Association of America). These practices result to negative impacts on consumers, the film industry, and to the whole economy. No matter how enticing are the reasons why people support pirated movies, film piracy remains to be a punishable crime for it is equal to stealing the properties and hard work of other people. Therefore, people who produce and distribute pirated movies for illegal purposes should face the consequences of their actions. Reasons Why People Engage in this Crime There are several ways how to pirate films. These movies are produced either by recording inside the theater, post-production leaks or leaks from an awards screener, stealing film print, stealing legitimate DVD prior to official date of release, or by ripping a legitimate DVD of any protective code (Treverton 37). These stolen copies of the movies are then burned or replicated in more DVDs or uploaded in the Internet without the consent of their original owners and then sold at cheaper prices or distributed for free. Despite being prohibited by law, film piracy is hard to control because many people instantly benefit from it. The people behind the business earn a lot from pirated movies because they do not have to buy the copyrights of the movies or pay royalties. Despite having lower qualities at times, buying pirated movies appeals to consumers because they can get films for free or for a very cheap price. â€Å"The low prices of pirated films compared with the legal ones make the former very attractive to buyers† (Treverton 31). Consumers who have limited budgets would prefer to buy pirated movies or download illegally from the Internet than to spend the money in cinemas. But these are only temporary benefits and in the bigger picture, film piracy causes more harm than good results. How Film Piracy Harms Pirated movies gain support from those who see them as answers to financial burdens. But many people remain unaware of the how movie piracy actually contributes to the sufferings of the whole country’s economy and film industry. These people do not recognize the importance of not supporting the products of piracy. The economy loses a lot of money annually because of the organized crime of intellectual property theft. Each year, â€Å"motion picture piracy costs the U. S. economy more than $20 billion† and because of the illegal reproduction of films, lesser income is earned by the movies and lesser money is contributed by the movie industry to the country’s economy (Grover and Shields). Piracy is also one of the biggest threats to film and music industry. The whole entertainment industry suffers from this crime. â€Å"The global film industry creates more jobs, more entertainment choices and more opportunities for the creative professions† and because of piracy, lesser opportunities are given to film production because budgets for discovering new talents, artists, directors, and production staffs are limited and restrained by the lack of budget (MPAA). There is a big possibility for the value of film making to decline and maybe even completely crash. Consumers will also suffer then because, aside from getting little for the money they invest in illegal products, they are also contributing to the wealth of people who have not really worked hard for the film. When the movie industry loses money to piracy, the costs produce quality and meaningful films and shows also become more expensive. Punishments and Consequences Piracy equals theft. Therefore, it is important to have laws created to protect the copyrights of films and television shows. â€Å"These laws help safeguard the creative works that support the livelihoods of the 2. 4 million Americans who work† together to create quality films for the entertainment of consumers (MPAA). The enforcement of laws makes copyrighted movies valuable and pirating these products makes them known as stolen properties. Many critics of the anti-piracy law and other laws related to copyright violations believe that the anti-piracy bill has harsh repercussions. Critics of anti-piracy laws believe that the punishments for acts related to piracy are too severe at times because lengthy prison terms and huge fines await those who will be caught involved in movie piracy. â€Å"First-time violators can be sentenced to up to five years in prison if the camcording was committed for financial gain or commercial advantage and fined up to $250,000† (MPAA). Critics say that there should be a limitation for the consequences of reproducing materials such as films. But for the industries that are affected by this crime, they need greater enforcement of laws because their lost sales continue increasing as consumers retain access to free music and movies on the Internet (Grover and Shields). Conclusion Reproducing copyrighted materials such as films are prohibited by laws. Piracy is a form of theft and many people profit a lot from stolen works. It has become a problematic dent in the film industry because movie outfits are hurt by this illegal act. Apprehenders are not easily caught and are not always given their rightful punishments. Purchasing pirated movies or getting them illegally from the Internet may seem like a mild offense for an ordinary person. But if this crime is done in volume, the negative consequences of movie piracy are proven to be detrimental to those who are part of the industry of film making because the act already translates into theft and a violation of another person’s rights. Works Cited Grover, Ronald and Shields, Todd. â€Å"Movie-Piracy Websites Shut Down by Raids. † 30 June 2010. Web. 23. Aug. 2010. Retrieved from http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2010-06-30/movie-piracy-web-sites-shut-down-in-coordinated-raids-by-u-s-officials. html. Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Frequently Asked Questions. 2010. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. Retrieved from http://www. mpaa. org/contentprotection/faq. Treverton, Gregory F. â€Å"Chapter Three: The Shape of Counterfeiting and the Example of Film Piracy. † Film Piracy, Organized Crime, and Terrorism. California: RAND Corporation, 2009. Print. Pp. 27- 38.

Rock N Roll And Technological Advancements Media Essay

Rock N Roll And Technological Advancements Media Essay Just in the middle of the 20th century, in the1950s, the world was introduced to a brand new trend in music. That was rock N roll. Rock N roll seriously changed the concept and image of popular music. This new trend originated from rhythm and blues of 1940s together with jazz, swing, boogie woogie, blues, gospel, western, country and traditional country music. With so many old genres being emerged and mixed, there was also a need for a new sound, for a new power of music reaching as many ears and hearts as possible. Thus, technological advancements were just at the service of rock n roll. One of such crucial advancements was the development of stereophonic sound: at least two separate audio channels were used to transfer sound through two or more loudspeakers. This technology provided the illusion performance heard from different directions and audible perspective. In this way, reproduced sound became closer to natural hearing. The principle of stereo typing looks like putting two microphones in specially defined locations. Both microphones are recording at the same time, synchronously. In fact, stereo sound was invented already in 1881 when the visitors of Paris Electrical Exhibition could here the performance from the stage of Paris Opera due to the 2-channel audio system presented by Clement Ader. The exhibitors were given two telephonic receivers, independent for each ear and could experience the presence effect. In 1931 multinational music company, the EMI Group and specifically Alan Blumlein special two-channel system and in 1933 patented stereophonic recording technology cutting a stereo disc carrying two channels by means of two walls of the groove put t right angles. But only in 25 years this method was fated to become a standard one for stereo phonographs. To make stereo available for public, Emory Cook introduced a binaural recordings for commercial reproduction as the interest to such recording and demand for proper equipment was growing. By autumn of 1957 stereo recording became really widespread through the United States. It gave vast opportunities for experiments with sound, so the musicians could not help using them actively. Consequently, both African American Blues and rock n roll music were highly varied after stereo was introduced. By that time, the same stations broadcasted both mono and stereo sound sources. As Deanna R. Adams states, stereo recording of contemporary music w as becoming more common, providing yet another reason that made FM more attractive and by different reasons high-fidelity stereo transmission was becoming more and more popular (Adams 102). Further, there were crucial shifts in the quality of music delivery. Rock n roll opened the new era with stereo vinyl becoming the prevailing media for all the recorded music. Meanwhile, the Germans invented magnetic type and this was a new word to high fidelity recording with synchronized multichannel method. Hereby, tape recorders came from technological experiments conducted in Germany of the World War II times. In the United States, in turn, a high-quality tape recorder was installed by Ampex Corporation. Plastic tape was perfected by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M), and better sound was also reached through the invention of condenser microphones (Biagi 92). Recording was invariantly important because, certainly, not everyone could attend stage concerts or shows. Magnetic tape made the recordings more long-term in use and easier to spread; so, more and more people could here the same music in different corners of the country and were more and more stimulated to buy tapes and tape recorders. Thus, it was a continuous process of scaling: Its interesting to note that with the growth of popularity in music spread, brought about largely by the hysteria surrounding Rock n Roll, so the technology to support music picked up the pace too. It means that it was a reciprocal exchange of benefits. Technologies provided new opportunities for sound recording and distribution as well as quality of sound, while better sound influencing the rating of rock n roll resulted in boom in production of those technologies. This is how music started the way of becoming a kind of business. Still, rock n roll was not as commercial as it may seem; on the contrary, musicians were really working hard in search of something new and fresh. Among other techniques, they directed their attention to various electronic effects. Electric guitar was one more gripping innovation of those days; Charlie Christian was first to record the instrument as a virtuoso, thus driving the whole nation mad. Electric guitar made the world of sounds richer, and what is more, it provided much louder sound so that more people could here it in the distance. Musicians exploited various amazing effects like distortion, fuzz and overdrive, all noisy and buzzy so much that even called doubts on whether it still was music. Guitar extortion was not accepted affirmatively; the ear was to get adjusted to it. But that was an era of sensory explosion; young people were actively experimenting with sensory-enhancing drugs, so that music was accepted as being right on the wave. Distortion in guitar was produced by transistor and diode clipping. While at first distortion was natural because amplifiers were low-fidelity and primitive, further, when rock was conquering the world, inventive musicians learnt to turn weaknesses of the instruments into virtues. Thus, intentional distortion was applied by poking strings or speakers with pencils, screwdrivers and even blazes. Shocking sounds, often reminding some voices like wolf howling or alarm, provided a special charm for rock music. Distortion gained mad popularity after Dave Davies (The Kinks) recorded the single You Really Got Me through a small amp with speaker cone cut with a razor blade. Later distortion became used on purpose and became commercial and contributing essentially to the popularity of rock n roll music. Finally, one more influential advancement to contribute to the history of rock culture was television. In 1950s it experienced essential growth and was revolutionized by the presentation of color broadcasts. Color television without any doubt brought a huge gamma of new impressions to the viewers, and by 1955 half of the households in the United States had applied a TV set. Before creating something original, television air was mostly filled by programs modified from radio shows. Consequently, music shows were also among the most called-for, and rock star producers actively used this opportunity. Now the fans could not only here their favorite bands and singers in records, but they could also watch them with their own eyes. Television broadcasted concerts and gradually video clips were rising; musicians were giving interviews and millions of fans throughout the country could stick their noses to the screens and enjoy show programs as well as an imitation of personal communication wit h stars. It is obvious that color television provided much more realistic image. Television industry, on the one hand, became a home for rock to live in and to address from, and on the other hand it soon provided the songs with a new context. Television was a solid and inherent part of popular culture, while rock, by its mission, was to oppose to popular culture and found a new shooting mark for its sharp sting. Television together with radio made rock n roll a groundbreaking body in mass communication. Since the rise of color television, it was no more music only. Now it became a new media of manipulating peoples conscience and tastes. TV presented a new method for encoding and decoding information, developing absolutely new system of motivations and preferences. Inexperienced audience was ready to believe everything coming from the screens of their home TV sets, and their unprecedented interest gave birth to demanded activity (Miller, ed. 36). The more active they were, the more p opular were those who managed to get to the back side of the set. Rock became the music of performance, not only listening. All in all, there was a great number of factors defining and enhancing the fate of rock n roll culture. Apart from some inner reasons, advancements n technologies were among the most shifting stones that assisted rock and roll to spread throughout the world. All points of the research considered, it is easy to make a conclusion that the effect of technology progress on rock culture was truly overwhelming and did revolutionize the way we produce, distribute and consume music.

Elderly Warned About Social Security Scams :: essays research papers

Elderly warned about Social Security scams WASHINGTON (AP) -- Elderly Americans should be careful about giving out their Social Security numbers, officials warned Tuesday after arresting a man who sent out letters offering an extra check to senior citizens who send back money or their bank account and Social Security numbers. "People should be really cautious about who they give their personal information to, especially their Social Security number," said Social Security Administration spokeswoman Cathy Noe. Special agents from the Social Security inspector general's office arrested Anthony David Williams, 32, in Phoenix Monday night. Williams is accused of misrepresenting himself as a government employee to defraud retirees and disabled Americans receiving Social Security benefits. He is charged with mail fraud. Calls to Phoenix phone numbers associated with Williams' businesses and to his lawyer on Tuesday were not immediately returned. Williams allegedly mailed out letters on a likeness of Social Security stationery, often following up with phone calls, according to an affidavit filed in U.S. District Court in Phoenix. "According to our records you are entitled to receive an additional check from Social Security each month," one version of the letter said. "These extra income benefits could give you up to an additional $514 per month." Recipients were asked to send a "filing fee" of varying amounts up to $23, or to fill out a form including their Social Security and bank account numbers so the fee could be "automatically deducted." The mailings were signed by "Donald Jenkins" of the "Winning Advantage Program, SSI-SSA" -- an alias used by Williams, who is British but applied last year to become a permanent U.S. legal resident. Social Security recipients usually do get letters from the government when their benefits go up. Other legitimate mailings that people get from Social Security include a new statement of taxes paid and future benefits due, which every American worker over age 25 will receive by the end of next year. "But we never ask for money for a processing fee," said Noe. The federal government also does not normally ask for someone's Social Security number -- they already know it. Indeed, Social Security prints that number as an identifier on mailings about a person's benefits. Social Security numbers are the most widely used ID in the private sector as well -- requested on the forms people fill out for everything from college registrations to bank slips.

Romanticism in European Art and Culture Essay -- Romanticism, European

Of all the movements in European art, Romanticism has by far the most difficult origins to pinpoint due to the broadness of its beginnings, artistic expressions, and time frame. Inspired by â€Å"nature, an awareness of the past, a religious spirit, and an artistic ideal† (Barron’s 6), Romanticism is one of the most significant influences on European culture. By looking at modern paintings, we can see the influence Romanticism has had throughout the generations. With Romanticism, artists have been able to take painting to different levels. The paintings are so profound that they allow the viewer to learn, develop, and acknowledge new aspects of life. The beginning of the Romantic era marked the birth of creative activities and aesthetic behaviors. Romanticism allows an artist to be creative, original, and authentic. Romantics view the world as more prejudiced and less balanced than others, including Neo-Classicists. What sets Romanticism apart from Neo-Classicism is the standards for Romantic artists were based on their own responsiveness while Neo-Classical artists aimed on portraying the orthodox values. From Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres to Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault, Eugà ¨ne Delacroix, Francisco de Goya, John Singleton Copley, Carl Friedrich Lessing, and Francesco Hayez, Romanticism quickly spread throughout much of Europe. This movement drastically hit France, Spain, Great Britain, Germany, and Italy and eventually worked its way to America. (Barron’s 22) Romanticism, the Romantic style or movement in literature and art which encourages freedom, imagination, emotion, and introspection, as well as the celebration of nature, people and the spirit, is most commonly associated with the 18th and 19th centuries. As the dates differ between co... ...anticism." Virginia Commonwealth University. Web. 09 Oct. 2014. . Delacroix, Ferdinand. La libertà © guidant le peuple. 1830. Musà ©e du Louvre, Paris, France. Heritage of Music: Volume II The Romantic Era (Heritage of Music). New York: Oxford UP, USA, 1992. Print. Marshall, William H., ed. The Major English Romantic Poets. New York: Washington Square, Inc., 1966. Print. New Oxford book of Romantic period verse. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994. Print. Newton, Eric. The Romantic Rebellion. Great Britain: St. Martin's, 1963. Print. Romanticism. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's, 2000. Print. "Romanticism." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Web. 09 Oct. 2014. . Schlenoff, Norman. Romanticism and Realism. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965. Print.

No Fixed Address :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No Fixed Address   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Aritha Van Herk’s â€Å"No Fixed Address†, one key symbol surfaces many times. The main character’s name is Arachne, which means spider, and sets the reader up to understand the central symbol in the novel—the spider web. The reader sees several other instances of webs showing up throughout the novel. Arachne’s dependence on the road and her random driving is another form of web in â€Å"No Fixed Address†. To tie in Arachne’s driving with webs, we see Thomas’s maps as webs of sorts. The most important web that Arachne is seen to weave is that perverbial web of lies—a person can never escape from that web. In the end, Arachne is indeed caught in her own web, and in the end, she is caught in it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arachne, in mythological terms, is the master weaver; the women who pitted herself against a god and lost, thus being turned into a spider. Arachne Mantea is much the same. She is constantly putting herself into categories that she doesn’t belong in. Much of her life, Arachne was certain that she was adopted. Her family seems to be poor, but Arachne could not fit herself into that social class. When she finally meets a family that is of a rich class, she realizes whole-heartedly that she doesn’t belong to that class either. Arachne seems to belong nowhere, almost as if she belongs to that race in the heavenlies—this is her first and most fatal lie. When Arachne ceases to belong to any particular group, she becomes capable of anything. Cheating, stealing, and killing are no longer beneath her. If she doesn’t belong where she is anyway, Arachne doesn’t need to remember her past; she doesn’t need to cope with the things that have happened to her. Thus, Arachne forms lies of denial concerning her past and present actions. She represses the memories of a painful youth, while believing that her whoring around will never catch up with her. She begins to live a lie, and one that eventually gets her. Other aspects of her life mirror the level of lie that she is living. The manner in which she drives shows us more than any other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Arachne is merely lying to herself, we see her driving in a relatively small area, and very predictably so. She drives a bus, and in doing so, Arachne has a defined route.

 Justice Cecilia Muñoz Palma High School Essay

Background of the Study Soap is an essential cleaning agent, helping people to keep themselves and their surroundings clean. When soap is mixed with water, it forms a lather that washes out dirt and grease for better than water alone. Soap can be made on a small scale in the home or village cheaply and easily. The main ingredients are fats and lye both of which can be made from materials found through out the world. Making soap at home is practical when there is waste fat or oil and when there is no cheap source of soap. Because of this, the researchers though of finding ways in utilizing guava in making home made soap that can substitute commercial soap. Instead of buying anti-bacterial commercial soap we can use home made guava soap. The guava was chosen as a substitute ingredient for anti-bacterial commercial soap because it is cheaper not like the commercial anti-bacterial soap. Guava can just gather in the backyard and it is easy to make. Significance of the Study This study is significant in making a bathing soap with guava extract as treatment for acne. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its availability; it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for healing skin disorders. Scope and limitation This study is focus only on how guava extract (Psidium guajava Linn) be effective in killing microorganism like Fungi and Bacteria. The study of guava leaves and getting their extract is often useful. It has the ability to treat, cure, disinfect skin disorders and capable of being a herbal plant for acnes. Statement of Problem It stated that Guava leaves extract is good for skin. Based on research, it has many constituents that is good for skin. It answers the following questions: 1. Is there any constituents of guava leaves that is good for skin? 2. If it is useful, how long will it take for the users to see complete results? Hypothesis Yes, Guava leaves is good treatment for acne. Chapter II EVALUATION, DESIGN AND FRAMEWORK Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Definition of terms

Cell Theory Essay

In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory that describes the properties of cells, the basic unit of structure in every living thing. The initial development of the theory, during the mid-17th century, was made possible by advances in microscopy; the study of cells is called cell biology. Cell theory states that new cells are formed from pre-existing cells, and that the cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function and organization in all living organisms. It is one of the foundations of biology. History: The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He examined (under a coarse, compound microscope) very thin slices of cork and saw a multitude of tiny pores that he remarked looked like the walled compartments a monk would live in. Because of this association, Hooke called them cells, the name they still bear. However, Hooke did not know their real structure or function. Hooke’s description of these cells (which were actually non-living cell walls) was published in Micrographia. His cell observations gave no indication of the nucleus and other organelles found in most living cells. The first person to make a compound microscope was Zacharias Jansen, while the first to witness a live cell under a microscope was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algae Spirogyra and named the moving organisms animalcules, meaning â€Å"little animals†. Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria. Cell theory was in contrast to the vitalism theories proposed before the discovery of cells. The idea that cells were separable into individual units was proposed by Ludolph Christian Treviranus and Johann Jacob Paul Moldenhawer. All of this finally led to Henri Dutrochet formulating one of the fundamental tenets of modern cell theory by declaring that â€Å"The cell is the fundamental element of organization†. The observations of Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, and others led to the development of the cell theory. The cell theory is a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. The cell theory states: †¢All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products. †¢New cells are created by old cells dividing into two. †¢Cells are the basic building units of life. †¢ The cell theory holds true for all living things, no matter how big or small, or how simple or complex. Since according to research, cells are common to all living things, they can provide information about all life. And because all cells come from other cells, scientists can study cells to learn about growth, reproduction, and all other functions that living things perform. By learning about cells and how they function, you can learn about all types of living things. Credit for developing cell theory is usually given to three scientists: Theodor Schwann, Matthias Jakob Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow. In 1839, Schwann and Schleiden suggested that cells were the basic unit of life. Their theory accepted the first two tenets of modern cell theory (see next section, below). However, the cell theory of Schleiden differed from modern cell theory in that it proposed a method of spontaneous crystallization that he called â€Å"free cell formation†. In 1855, Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells, thus completing the classical cell theory. (Note that the idea that all cells come from pre-existing cells had in fact already been proposed by Robert Remak; it has been suggested that Virchow plagiarised Remak.) Modern interpretation: The generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: 1.All known living things are made up of one or more cells. 2.All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. 3.The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms. 4.The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells. 5.Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells. 6.Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 7.All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species. Cell Parts and Their Functions Nucleus – Large Oval body near the centre of the cell. – The control centre for all activity. – Surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Nucleoplasm – is the protoplasm in the nucleus. – contains genetic material —> CHROMOSOMES (DNA) Nucleolus – is found in the nucleus. – contains more genetic information (RNA) Cell Membrane – the outer boundary of the cell. – it separates the cell from other cells. – it is porous —> allows molecules to pass through. Lysosomes – † suicide sacs † – small structures that contain enzymes which are used in digestion. – if a lysosome were to burst it could destroy the cell. Cell Wall ( Plant Cells Only ) – non living structure that surrounds the plant cell. – protects + supports the cell. – made up of a tough fibre called cellulose. Cyto Plasm – cell material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane. – clear thick fluid. – contains structures called organelles. Vacuoles – are clear fluid sacs that act as storage areas for food, minerals, and waste. – in plant cell the vacuoles are large and mostly filled with water. This gives the plant support. – in animal cells the vacuoles are much smaller. Mitochondria – power house of the cell. – centre of respiration of the cell. – they release energy for cell functions. Chloro Plasts ( Plant cells only ) – contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll which is important for photosynthesis. Ribosomes – tiny spherical bodies that help make proteins. – found in the cyto plasm or attached to the endo plasmic reticulum. Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER ) – systems of membranes throughout the cyto plasm. – it connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. – passageway for material moving though the cell. Golgi Bodies – tube like structures that have tiny sacs at their ends. – they help package protein.

George Mead Theory Essay

â€Å"the self is something which has a development; it is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process as a whole and to other individuals within that process.† * was an American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists * He is regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition in general. * Mead is well-known for his theory of the social self, which is based on the central argument that the self is a social emergent. * Mead’s most widely read work, Mind, Self and Society, gives priority to society over the mind and highlights the idea that the social leads to the development of mental states. * Mind is a process, not a thing, and it is found in social phenomena rather than within individu als. * The self occupies a central place in Mead’s theory. * Self is essentially a social structure and it arises in social experience. It is the unique combination of the roles and individual play in relation to others – the complex blending of individual motivations and socially desirable responses. * The self consists of an â€Å"I† which the active side and as object, called â€Å"me†. * Infants begin with no self. As they learn to use the language and other symbols, the self emerges through play which involves taking the roles of significant others. * Gradually children move from simpler games to more complex ones involving others such as team sports. Mead called this generalized others to refer to the general cultural norms and values people use as references in evaluating others. * Mead defines self as the ability to take oneself as an object and identifies basic mechanism of the development of the self as reflexivity – the ability to put ourselves into the place of others and acts as they act. * Self can arise only through social experiences, and the traces its development to two stages in childhood: the play stage and game stage. * Play stage – children learn how to take the attitude of particular others themselves. * Game stage – children learn how to take the role of many others and the attitude of the generalized other. * I – is the immediate response of an individual to others; it is unpredictable and creative aspect of the self. * Me – is the organized set of attitudes of others that an individual assumes; it is how society dominates the individual and is a source of social control. Mead’s theory on social self * The social conception of the self entails that individual selves are the product of social interaction and not the logical or biological preconditions of that interaction. It is not initially there at birth but arises in the process of social experience and activity. * Language – allows individuals to take on the â€Å"role of the other† and allows people to respond to his or her own gestures in terms of symbolized attitudes of others. * Is communication via â€Å"significant symbols† and it is through significant communication that the individual is able to take the attitudes of others toward his/herself. Language is not only a â€Å"necessary mechanism† of the mind, but also the primary social foundation of self. * Play – individuals take on the roles of other people and pretend to be those other people in order to express the expectation of significant others. * This process of role-playing is the key to generation of self-consciousness and to the general development of the self. * In the play, the child takes the role of another and acts as though he/she were the other. This form of role-playing involves a single role at a time. Thus, the other which comes into the child’s experience in play is a â€Å"specific other† * Game – individual is required to internalize the roles of all others who are involved with him or her in the game and must comprehend the rules of the game. * Is the stage of social process at which * Generalized other- organized and generalized attitude of a social group. * consists of a composite of all those who contribute and participate in one’s society * The individual defines his or her own behavior with reference to the generalized attitude of the social group(s) they occupy. When an individual can view him/herself from the standpoint of the generalized other, self-consciousness in the full sense of the terms is attained. * Me – represents the expectations and the attitudes of others (generalized others). It is the organized set of attitudes others that the individual assumes. * Is the social self * The organized set of attitudes of others which one himself assumes * is that part of the â€Å"self† which comes about as a result of the individual’s internalization of society’s values and behavior expectations * I – is the response to the â€Å"me†, or the person’s individuality. * Response of the organism to the attitudes of others * is that part of the â€Å"self† which is spontaneous * Self – develops by internalizing the norms of one’s society * Significant other – are those with whom the individual has an â€Å"important† relationship

Health Care Communications Methods Essay

Nursing home administrator is a leader in a organization who not only directs its operations but is also responsible for setting the tone for different cultures. (Anthony Cirillo, 2014) The administrator is to make sure that the facility is running smoothly and that all patients and staff members are taken care of their needs. The administrator will be the one to make sure that patients are moved to other facilities, make sure the records are transferred correctly, and to inform the facility that they are being bought by another company. The administrator will also explain to each staff member, family members, and physicians what is going on in full details. The first form of communication when the nursing home administrator finds out what is going to take place is a written notice, this notice is to be sent to all parties that will be involved in the process of closure. A written notice can either be a good advantage or a bad advantage, it depends on how and who it is sent to. Written notice communication can sometimes confuse people who really do not understand the language of the letter this can cause some people to question the administrator and her work. Communicating by writing is also an advantage when it will be sent to physicians, staff members, and outside agencies, because they will understand what is going on and can respond with the necessary needs. (Michigan Nursing Facility State Closure Team January 2005) When the nursing home administrator finds out the facility is going to another company, the administrator is to inform the staff of what is going to take place with the facility. The administrator will communicate with them either by email, written notice, or in person. The advantage of communicating with the staff with email is that it’s fast and easier for the staff members to look at while taking care of their patients. Communicating with them by written notice is advantage because the  staff will be able to wait until their shift is over to read the notice and ask questions if need be. The administrator and staff must try to find other facilities that are available to take some of their patients. The administrator must make sure that all records are kept safe under the HIPAA laws while informing other facilities about the patients’ needs and treatments that they are receiving at their facility. Keeping patients records safe and in order will lessen the transfer of patients and help the families to get them settled into their new facility. The advantage of using social media is that facilities can open up communication that can lead to enhanced information discovery and delivery. It can also allow their employees to discuss their ideas, post their thoughts, and ask questions about what they should do. Social media will also target a different type of audience that can help with relocating patients, transferring patients, and the needs of families. (Society for Human Resource Management, 2012) There are some disadvantages to using social media for this problem and they are it could open up the possibility of hackers getting patients records or staff information. It can also lead to fraud, virus attacks and even overload of spam. Social media disadvantages could also increase the risk of patients and their families falling prey to online scams that could lead to identity theft. Lastly, employee could leave negative comments about the facility, staff members, and even the physicians about the work that goes on in the facility the good and the bad. (Society for Human Resource Management, 2012) There are several reasons that could affect the HIPAA laws and social media about this facility closing. One staff members could be posting on networking sites about patients and accidently say their name or condition, and someone figures out who they are talking about and this could cause patient information to get out. In addition, some employees could simply be discussing their day or an unusual health care case they saw, and they feel like that is not violating the HIPAA law. When dealing with HIPAA and social media when it comes to patients and the closing of a facility, everyone involved has to be on their toes and not violate the rules. Employers and employees must know how to communicate with social media without releasing any patient names or conditions, and not get into trouble  behind the HIPAA rules. If someone breaks the HIPAA laws and they are found to be guilty of the problem, there are sanctions that can be made against that person or persons involved. These sanctions could range from civil penalties ranging in the minimum amount of $100 per violation, to a maximum of $50,000 per violation of the HIPAA rules. These sanctions are for the facility that is an covered-entity under the HIPAA rules and regulations that they have to follow. (Dimick, 2010) According to Chris Dimick, â€Å"All workforce members of this facility are prohibited, with some degree of exceptions, from using or revealing individually recognizable health information (â€Å"protected health information,† or PHI) without a written authorization from that individual or family member for whom the PHI pertains to, and any permission must cover very detailed language to meet the terms of HIPAA.† Reference Chris Dimick, Privacy Policies for Social Media, JOURNAL OF AHIMA, Jan. 6, 2010, http://journal.ahima.org/2010/01/06/social-media-policies/. Best Practices for Voluntary Nursing Facility Closure, Michigan Nursing Facility State Closure Team, 2005 http://www.shrm.org/templatestools/hrqa/pages/socialnetworkingsitespolicy.aspx#sthash.vs6G9HGL.dpuf

Managerial Finance assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managerial Finance assignment - Essay Example For the current, the company has a total market share of 21.2% in the UK market for timber, second to London Counties. The company has grown significantly over the years because of the marriage of the managing director, who was a sawmill owner to a wealthy forestry owner in the north of England. Being second in the total UK market, the company is poised for a position of growth as its prospects for the future. Wooden Posts Ltd is poised for growth in the future. However, because of changes in the UK timber market the company is presented with three alternatives by an international business consultancy firm. According to the firm, because the market for the companys products may face a slow down in terms of growth, the company has two options to expand, and one option to withdraw or contract. As the timber market in the UK is forecast to face a slow down in terms of growth, the rivalry in the current competition is expected to become more intense. In order to address this, the first option Wooden Posts Ltd has is to acquire a competitor, London Counties, the player with the largest market share in the UK market. This will increase the companys total market share. This is also significant to the company, as Wooden Posts Ltd has faced challenges in terms of increasing costs in the companys production and distribution systems. The logistical problems that give rise to increasing costs can be addressed by expanding the companys facilities in the form of facilities that are owned by one of its competitors. Although this option presents some potential gains to the company in the form of industry consolidation and economies of scale, this option is considered very risk--one, because of the potential failure of mergers, and two, even the merger proves to be successful, it does n ot guarantee that gains from acquisition are huge enough to contribute to the increase in shareholders wealth. The second option to Wooden Posts Ltd is to improve the

Effective Employee Job Satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Effective Employee Job Satisfaction - Essay Example All the four example case studies are related to job satisfaction. It is true that global job market is highly competitive. On the other hand, organizations really want good workplace performances from their employees in return of given salary (Purdy, 2008, p.21). Investment banking and fundraising can be considered as difficult and stressful but adventurous job to do so. John Bishop generally works for more than 80 hours per week in his organization. In addition to this, he has to travel a lot during these times. Working for extra hours and constant traveling are the characteristics of these job roles. But, John Bishop and Tony Kurtz have accepted the level of work stress and constant engagement with clients quite significantly. Two aspects can contribute to high level of job satisfaction in these examples. Lucrative salaries and incentives can be considered as the most primary and fundamental reasons behind the job satisfaction (Kusluvan, 2003, p.78). It is known to each and every corporate executive that fund raisers and investment bankers are recognized as money man within this industry. The employees with these job roles have a significant opportunity to earn lucrative incentives against one portfolio. Therefore, salaries, incentives and financial rewards can be considered as the major contributors to the high level of job satisfaction (Shribman, 2008, p.9). Each and every employee needs professional growth in his or her corporate career. Therefore, everybody wants to work under prestigious organizations. David Clark works in MTV as vice-president of global marketing. On the other hand, Irene Tse works in Goldman Sachs as government bond-trading head.  

Green Buildings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Green Buildings - Essay Example Conventional use of energy requires exploitation of resources such as coal in the production of electricity, use of hydropower among other energy sources that have been in use for many years. Consequently, the use of the above sources of energy in buildings leads to massive environmental pollution and environmental degradation. For instance, the use of coal to produce electricity results in massive emission of carbon dioxide and environmental degradation in areas were cola has to be mined. As a result, the entire process leads to land and environmental degradation among other negative effects. To reduce environmental degradation and pollution from emissions, buildings are designed and constructed with features that minimise overreliance on conventional energy by relying more on natural lighting and energy conservation designs. There are various standards of grading buildings on a scale, which reflects the extent of energy efficiency in such buildings. In other words, the more efficie nt a building is, the more green such a building is, with several certification bodies coming up to rate and certify energy and resource efficient buildings. The research aims at investigating different requirements before certifying a building as green and the requirements that a building has to meet to warrant the green title. A few case studies of highly rated green buildings will be analysed with respect to the perspective of energy and resources efficiency, and how such buildings contribute to environmental sustainability. Moreover, the dissertation will seek to investigate different aspects that are used to rate these buildings and the different ratings used by the recognized certification bodies with close investigation of implications of building rating in addition to the current market response to green construction. Though the concept of green building dates back to the early 90s when groups advocating for sustainable

Art History, Renaissance through Modern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art History, Renaissance through Modern - Essay Example Renaissance was a reaction to the Middle Ages and serve as the foundation for the subsequent Baroque period in Europe. Its etymological meaning is "rebirth" of classical antiquity, pertaining to the revival of arts and sciences after it was diminished because of the emphasis on religion. However, it should be noted the majority of the art work where commissioned either for the Church or by supporters of it (Gombrich, 1995). The period also marked the significance developments in artistic technique which included the development of linear perspective, spatial composition and definition of the proportions for human form. The most notable artist of the period includes Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael as well as Boticelli who while was briefly eclipsed by the first three artists rose to contemporary regard. However, the Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael have been more specifically associated as High Renaissance artists or for the latter Renaissance arts (Stokstad, 2004). One of the Botticelli's portraits, early example, if not more pure examples, of the renaissance style is featured in Figure 1. From the example, the subject, a woman of elite standing, dominates the frame. The figure is limited to the upper half or bust of subject, emphasizing the identity of the individual rather than her form. It is likely that Botticelli positioned the subject in such a way to facilitate the effect of the light coming from what appears to be a window in the background of the painting. The impression derived is that the work was done via formal sitting in studio or small space. In comparison to the other portraits in this paper (see figure 2 and 3), the positioning of the subject provides little detail for the rest of the painting's composition. The dark background with only a hint of a window as detail provides a direct contrast with the subject's red-sleeved dress. The background provides little detail or insight regarding the personality of the subject and essentially on serve to highlight the visual image of the subject. Technique The subject is defined finely from the background. In a similar manner, details on the subject itself are very definite, if not stark. The technique is reflective of the subscription to classical techniques that emphasize form and figure. There are no discernable brushstrokes and colors are mixed smoothly. Also, the portrait in itself is reminiscent of busts in relief since though there is more depth and application of lighting techniques, there little suggestion of movement or interaction with its space. Lighting techniques were used predominantly to create facial characteristics, emphasizing the forehead, nose and chin, again reflective of the classical influence. The features are associated with having strong character or persona and therefore may have been emphasized to communicate the social stature of the subject of the painting. The subject's complicated coiffure and quality of clothing also reinforce this idea. The light used is quiet harsh but not so much that the figure of the subject to seem like it is outdoors. Shadowing and graduations in hue on the body of the subject suggests that the light source has elevated and angled from the window in the back

Advertisement on coffee at Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisement on coffee at Starbucks - Essay Example The advertisement is very plain in terms of creating attention and the words used appear as a command rather than a request or soft words to attract the target. The main aims of any advertiser are to create a good impression to a potential customer, make them their customer and retain them. To achieve these goals, they interact with the social world and are often faced by many social issues that create challenges as well as hindrances. The most pressing social issue is stereotyping by customers. Different customers have varying perceptions over advertisements, and this affects their effectiveness. Advertisers, therefore, face the challenge of designing an advertisement that will receive less criticism and achieve its aim. The picture in the advertisement of a young baby inside the tire is eye catching and hence anybody who sees it will want to know what it is all about (Moriarty, Nancy, and William 248). A person who sees the advertisement will immediately have an impression of safety while using the tires and is less likely to forget about it since the pictures used are very memorable.

Device Hardening and Secure Network Design Term Paper

Device Hardening and Secure Network Design - Term Paper Example Bragg, Rhodes-Ousley, & Strassberg (2009) stated that routers have the capability to carry out IP packet check and filter. Access control lists (ACLs) could be configured to authorize or refute UDP and TCP network traffic. These factors are foundational upon the destination or source address, or together, and on the UDP or TCP port numbers enclosed in a packet. Additionally, the firewalls are implemented for additional in-depth examination; tactically positioned router ACLs thus they augment network security. For instance, access control lists could be employed on border routers to drop visibly not needed traffic, eliminating the burden from the border firewalls. Access control lists can as well be employed on WAN links to drop broadcast and additional needless traffic (Bragg, Rhodes-Ousley, & Strassberg, 2009). Servers are intended to bring data in a protected and dependable style for web-based users. Thus, they need to make sure that data confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility are maintained. However, one of the main steps to attain this guarantee is to make sure that the servers are maintained and installed in a way that they could stop illegal access, illegal utilization, and disturbances in service. Additionally, the reason for establishing the server hardening policy is to express the requirements for installing a new server in a secure fashion and maintaining the security integrity of the server and application software. In addition, the server hardening process offers the comprehensive information necessary to harden a server as well as have to be applied for UTEP IT official approval. A number of the wide-ranging steps incorporated in the server hardening process contain (Microsoft Press, 2005). At present, network security has become the most important subject of discussion. Additionally, there are many networking security management and handling measures are available.  Ã‚  

Case Study on Business Strategy in the Australian Solar Energy Essay

Case Study on Business Strategy in the Australian Solar Energy Industry - Essay Example Appropriately enough most cutting edge research on implementing solar energy solutions is also being carried out in Australia. Various new companies and old ventures have begun to frequent the Australian solar energy market. CBD Energy is one such company with a two decades old history in the alternative energy industry. (ASX, 2011) This text will attempt to analyse the internal strengths and weaknesses possessed by CBD Energy that will enable it to deal with the solar energy industry effectively. 2. Analysis of the firm's internal resources and/or capabilities Competitive Advantage CBD Energy possesses significant competitive advantages against its competition within the Australian market. CBD is strongly connected to international global renewable companies such as Datang, SOLON, Tianwei and Oelmaier Technologies which ensure that technological access and supply are always available. This is essential as the global solar energy products manufacturing industry is finding itself unde r increased pressure to fulfil customer orders due to inflated demand. Moreover CBD has begun to assemble solar inverters as of January 2011 and had produced 500 units by February 2011 while annual projections put the figure at 20,000 units. This will ensure that CBD has alternative revenue streams in place as well and this will also ensure that CBD has critical components available at its disposal in required quantities at all times. Another significant advantage displayed by CBD is its ability to assemble key components for PV installations on rooftops. Most other companies in the Australian solar industry market do not have the requisite expertise as yet. This aids in reducing input costs, getting government tenders as these products are made in Australia and ensure timely access to required components. The recent opening of an office in China will enhance CBD’s manufacturing standing and will aid its efforts to manage outsourced components. (CBD Energy, 2011a) Consequentl y the lowered prices will encourage a new wave of buyers to invest in solar technology as it becomes more affordable for individual family units. Analysis of Resources Resources Indicators Financial Share value has been unsteady for the last fiscal year; Investors and speculators are pulling out. Organisational Employees are well paid. Physical Company is expanding its manufacturing and servicing capabilities. Technological Company’s resources are being updated continuously with new installations; Continuous improvement in products and services is underway. Human The management team is composed of experts from respective fields. Innovation New methods are being developed for servicing and installations. Reputation Sales are going up indicating developing market reputation. CBD is presenting a mixed picture in terms of its key resources. In terms of its financial resources, the share value of the company has been declining steadily (ASX, 2011) over the entire year (see Appendi x â€Å"A†). While some pressure may be attributed to a low performing stock exchange market but a major reason is the removal of accrued profits to support business expansion. Traded volumes have also remained low. Various speculators and investors are also pulling their stock out of the company although the key investors are still in place (see Appendix â€Å"

Practicum Report Essay Example for Free

Practicum Report Essay A. Introduction I. Introduction of University of Technical education Ho Chi Minn City 1. Brief History The University of Technical Education Ho Chi Minn City (UTE) evolved from the Board of Technical Education, first founded on 5 October 1962, renamed Nguyen Truong To Center for Technical Education in Thu Duc on 21 September 1972, and upgraded to Thu Duc College of Education in 1974. On 27 October 1976, the SRV Prime Minister issued a decision to establish Thu Duc University of Technical Education on the basis of Thu Duc College of Education. This was amalgamated with Thu Duc Industrial School in 1984 and further merged with Technical Teacher Training School No 5 in 1991 to become the present University of Technical Education Ho Chi Minh City. At 1 Vo Van Ngan Street, Thu Duc District, only 10 km north-east of the center of Ho Chi Minh City, UTE enjoys the combined advantages of a spacious, comfortable, and peaceful suburban study environment and excellent bus service, with easy access to the city center, the airport, and the surrounding areas. 2. Duties. Responsibilities. The University of Technical Education Ho Chi Minn City assumes the following functions: To train and upgrade technical teachers for technical universities and colleges, professional and vocational schools, and comprehensive middle schools To train technological engineers and technical manpower adaptable to the labor market To promote scientific research and production development in the field of professional education and technological science To expand cooperation relationships with international scientific organizations and technical teacher training institutions. 3. Missions Specialized in training technical teachers at university and post-university levels for the whole country, UTE ought to provide competent trainers directly responsible for training and upgrading qualified manpower for the process of modernization and industrialization of the country and building up a knowledge-based economy. Being the leading technical education training institution in the whole country and having access to new methodologies and innovative teaching aids, UTE ought to train and upgrade technical teachers, sound in theory, skilled in practice, and competent in pedagogy, and to provide skilled manpower, adaptable to production realities and able to meet the ever-increasing needs of society. As a center for research and experimentation in vocational education, UTE ought to be a reliable counseling agency for the government in planning relevant policies and to dependably support other training institutions in improving their teaching methods and equipment. 4. Quality Policy Constantly improve the quality of teaching and learning to offer students the best conditions to develop their creative potentials, broaden their knowledge, and perfect their skills to meet the needs of society. Quality Policy (based on the ISO 9001:2000 standards) 5. Training Programs. An experienced and dynamic state-run university, UTE offers quality technology-oriented training programs in a supportive and student-caring environment UTE, with its 13 Faculties, offers students a large choice of programs and specialties delivered at various levels of training and in different modes of study. The current enrollment amounts to over 25,000 students at 5 different levels Masters degree, Bachelors degree, Associate degree, Technician diploma, and Technical worker certificate -, studying in 2 different training systems Regular and In-service. With the approval of the MoET, UTE has been offering Masters programs since 1592. Based on its traditional fortes in science, engineering and technology, UTE is now offering 7 Masters programs: 1. Machine building technology 2. Mechanics of machinery 3. Operation and maintenance of automobiles and tractors 4. Electrical equipment, network and power stations 5. Technical education science 6. Electronic engineering 7 International vocational education. (In association with Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, FRG) Together with the development of the countrys economy on the way of industrialization and modernization, UTE has expanded its scope of training Together with the development of the countrys economy on the way of industrialization and modernization, UTE has expanded its scope of training to meet the demands of the new socio-economic reality and is now offering 34 Bachelors programs: 1. Electrical and electronic engineering 2. Electronic technology Telecommunications. 3. Computer technology 4. Industrial electricity 5. Electrical automation 6. Mechanical engineering 7. Industrial technology 8. Mechatronics 9. Automation technology 10. Automotive engineering 11. Thermotechnics Refriferation 12. Info mechanics 13. Machine design 14. Home and Industrial civil engineering 15. Home economics 16. Garment technology 17. Food technology 18. Fashion design 19. Printing technology 20. Information technology 22. Accounting 23. Industrial management 24. English for engineering 25. Technical education in Electrical and electronic engineering 26. Technical education in Industrial electricity 27. Technical education in Mechanical engineering 28. Technical education in Industrial technology 29. Technical education in Mechatronics 30. Technical education In Automotive engineering 31. Technical education in Thermotechnics Refrigeration 32. Technical education In Computer technology 33. Technical education in Home and industrial civil engineering 34. Technical education In Electronic technology Telecommunications Associate. programs: 1. Electrical and electronic engineering 2 Industrial electricity 3. Mechanical engineering 4. Automotive engineering 5. Garment technology For the dual purpose of developing human resources for the society and providing a teaching practice environment for our graduates, we arc also actively involved in delivering Technician diploma and Technical worker certificate programs. Technician diploma programs are offered in: 1. Industrial and household electricity 2 Electronic technology 3. Thermotechnics-Refrigeration 4. Garment technology 5. Automotive engineering 6. Operation and maintenance of mechanical equipment 7. Accounting Informatics Technical worker certificate programs are offered in: 1. Industrial and household electricity 2. Electronics 3. Metalworking (Turning, Milling Planning) 4. Automotive repair 5. Refrigeration 6. Industrial Mewing This multi-level, multi-mode and multi-disciplinary training structure allows us to take the initiative in all work from research to applications. It also facilitates the organization of transfer programs, helping students fulfill their lifelong learning dreams in the most economical and effective way. Students can choose either to study on the main campus or in the provinces to suit their conditions. Constantly improve the quality of teaching and learning with this guiding training principle, over the past half century of development, UTE has been training qualified manpower, sound in theory, skilled in practice, and  equipped with a good sense of morality, able to stand on various fronts in lecture halls, on construction sites, in factories, etc to serve the process of industrialization and modernization of the country. Many of our graduates over 400 Master degrees holders, 30,000 engineers, and 2,000 technicians and high-qualified workers -, brought up and trained at UTE, are now holding key positions in various training institutions, business and industry. 6. Facilities In addition to our main 17-ha campus at 1 Vo Van Ngan Street, Thu Duc District, we have another 4. 5-ha campus at 484 Le Van Viet Street, District 9, HCMC. We are planning to establish a new 80-ha campus in Dalat, LamDong Province. UTE provides students with adequate facilities in a creativeness-inducing learning environment, giving each and every individual the opportunities for study and practice. The University library has spacious reading rooms with sufficient publications and periodicals for study and research needs 26,092 titles of books with 299,247 copies, 253 titles of newspapers and magazines, averaging 115 titles of books per one program of study. Library management and services have been computerized and modernized to meet the ever-increasing needs of the readers. Recently, the University has heavily invested in modern practice and experiment equipment. We now have 72 practice workshops (12,708m2) and 20 laboratories (lr908m2), enough for our present training needs. We have installed 1,363 computers; 944 of these are for teaching, learning and research; the remaining 419 ore for management and administration. Our computer systems are regularly upgraded. Our local network operates reliably at 512 Kbps; the ADSL lines enable high-speed networking and Internet access. We have 150 claasrooms with a total area of 9,698m2, each varying in size from 64m2 to 175m2 to suit specific training needs (averaging 6,66m2 per student). New buildings to be constructed include a Central Building with 30,000m2 of floor area, a High Technology Center with over 5,000m2 of floor area, and a Multi-purpose Classroom Building with over 4,000m2 of floor area. For 7 consecutive years 2002 2009, UTEs dormitory has been granted  the title City-level Cultural Unit. For sporting activities, we have a football field (12,600m2), 7 volleyball courts (756m2); a tennis court (240m2); and a sporting event hall (720m2). Staff UTFs faculty and staff currently total 698. Nearly 60% percent of the more than 538 faculty members have postgraduate qualifications. Over 100 lecturers are working towards a Ph. D. or a Masters in the country or abroad. Faculty members actively take part in scientific research and strive to apply innovative teaching methods to activate students. In addition to creating favorable conditions for individual self-improvement, UTE regularly organizes upgrading courses in foreign languages, computing and professional skills for all staff (averaging more than 10 courses per year). 7. Cooperation UTE maintains effective multiform cooperation relationships with domestic as well as international organizations. We have provided on-campus training to thousands of core technical teachers for technical and vocational schools in the provinces across the country. In addition to local training institutions, business and industry, we have also established bilateral ties with various international organizations, the governments of many countries, NGOs and international universities and colleges. Some of our cooperation projects have been highly appreciated-the Viettnam-Germany Center for training vocational teachers and qualified workers funded by the State of Baden- Warttemberg (FRO), the Masters Program delivered in association with Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg and supported by InWent (PRO), the Bachelors Program in Clothing Design Manufacture delivered in association with Heriot-Watt. University (UK), the Bachelors Program in Electrical and Electronic Engineering delivered in association with Sunderland University (UK), the joint-training programs with Siemens, MTZ (FRG), Omron (Japan), Rockwell Automation, Foxconn, General Electric (US), and others. Among our other partners are about 20 other foreign universities, institutes, and international organizations in many countries around the world, including Dresden University (FRG), Trier University (FRG), LENSET de Cachan  (France), Universite de Metz (France). Guangxi Normal University (China), Tianjin University of Technology and Education (China), Sydney University of Technology (Australia), Universite de Liege (Belgium), Universite de Sherbrooke (Canada), DSE DAAD GTZ (FRG), Yeungnam University (South Korea), Chungwoon University (South Korea), Sejong University (South Korea), Hanbat National University (South Korea), Quilin University (China), Kunming University (China), Yuan Ze University (Taiwan), Southern Taiwan University of Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, and others. II. Introduction of faculty of foreign languages The Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL) is in charge of delivering a Bachelors program in Technical English and teaching General English and ESP to students of all the other faculties in the university. Faculty members total 23, including 1 Ph. D. , 1 Ph. D. candidate, 12 Masters, and 6 premaster students. The teaching staff consists partly of highly experienced lecturers with many years of leaching at UTE and other large national universities and partly of young teachers full of enthusiasm, energy and creativity. FFL encourages and creates favorable conditions for all staff members to upgrade their qualifications either in the country or abroad. Within the common trend of regional and internal integration, English has assumed an ever more important role in a multilingual and multicultural working environment. The Technical English program delivered by FFL aims to provide the labor market with white collar workers, knowledgeable about ESP, and able to work in industrial parks, export-processing zones, companies, factories and plants, as well as for foreign offloces, international and non-governmental organizations, where English is required. FFL actively engages in compiling and adapting ESP textbooks to suit the students requirements, as well as the Universitys and employers expectations. FFL has been seeking assistance from domestic counterparts as well as support in information and teaching materials from universities in English-speaking countries, gradually expanding cooperation relationships and railing the teaching and learning quality, FFL is getting ready to offer new programs in Japanese, Korean and Chinese to meet the ever-Increasing needs in these languages. III. The aim, the learning outcomes and the pro-requisites of TEFL teaching practicum course 1. The aim Applying the understanding aspects of foreign language learners, methods, and approaches in language teaching and learning, observation, execution of lesson in a specific context, to classroom management. Special emphasis is given to the planning and execution of technically-related lessons. It also provides students a further opportunity to reflect upon their work as professionals. 2. The learning outcomes. Upon successful completion of teaching practlcum, students should be able to: Gain insight into EFL students motlvatlon, frustration, and strategles in learning English as a foreign language. Recognize how theories of language learning and teaching underlie classroom practice, implicitly and explicitly, based on knowledge gained through 8-week observation and leashing practice. Begin to develop a personal view of what constitutes effective EFL teaching. Gain confidence in ability to devise and carry out EFL classroom learning activities by engaging in observation, teaching and tutoring in a diversely educational setting. 3. The pre-requisites Successful completion of Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing 4, Phonetics and Phonology, Morphology and Syntax, Semantics, British Literature, British Civilization, TEFL Methodology, and Media in ELT. B. Content I. Teaching practicum planning Date (Feb 6th Mar 31st)Content Week 1 (Feb 6th -Feb 11th)1. Confirm the practicing place; receive specific plan, purpose and requirements, rules and regulations of teaching practicum course. 2. Divide teaching practice groups, meet instructors and members in groups, assign tasks for each person. Week 2 (Feb 13 -Feb 18)1. Receive teaching schedule. 2. Make plan for teaching practicum in 7 weeks 3. Get acquainted with students. 4. Observe instructors class on Tuesday, Feb. 14th , 2012 (Period 1-4, Room A2. 202) and Thursday Feb. 16th. 2012 (Period 1- 4, Room E1. 505) 5. Make the first lesson plan (Unit 7) Week 3 (Feb, 20 -Feb. 25)? Feb. 20th. 2012 1. Observe others classes of Thu Hue, Cam Lien, Yen Nhi, Ngoc (February morning 20lh 2012) 2. Observe Mr. Luans class (February afternoon 20th 2012) Period 1-4 ? Feb. 21st. 2012 3. Observe the first teaching of Ha Word Power (Air travel file + Word group) Period 1 Room A2. 202. 4. Observe the first teaching of Tuy? n Focus on Function (Making arrangements) Period 2 – Room A2. 202. 5. Give the first lesson plan for instructor and receive the feedback. 6. Correct the first lesson plan.  ¦ Feb. 23rd, 2012 7. Observe the second teaching of Ha Word Power (Air travel file + Word group) Period 1 Room E1 . 505. 8. Observe the second teaching of Tuyen Focus on Function (Making arrangements) Period 2 – Room E1. 505. 9. Receive the feedback from instructor and correct the first lesson plan again Week 4 (Feb. 27 -Mar. 03)Feb. 28th. 2012 1. Observe Huongs class, Changing lives on 27th February 2012, Period 1 2. Observe Vys class, Changing lives on 27th February 2012, Period 2 3. Observe Bao class, Changing lives on 27th February, Period 3 4. Observe To Lins class. Changing lives on 27th February 2010, Period 7 5. Observe To Liens class, Changing lives on 27th February 2010, Period 8  ¦ Feb. 28th. 2012 6. Observe the first teaching of Duy- Grammar point -Past and present perfect simple, period 1, Room A2. 202. 7. Observe the first teaching of Tr? ng- Word Power (Trends file + The language of graphs) -Period 2- A2. 202. 8. , Get the feedback from instructor and groups members to correct some mistakes in the second lesson plan for a better teaching period on March 1st, 2012. 9. Give the second lesson plan for instructor and receive the feedback.  ¦ March 1st. 2012 10. Observe the second teaching of Duy- Grammar point Past and present perfect simple, period 1, Room El. 505. 11. Observe the second teaching of Tr? ng Word Power (Trends file + The language of graphs) Period 2 -Room El . 505. 12. Get the feedback from instructor and groups members. 13. Prepare the third lesson plan (Unit 10) Week 5 (Mar. 5 -Mar. 10) ¦ March 5th. 2012 1. Observe Hieus class, unit Crossing cultures. Period 7 2. Observe To Linhs class, unit Crossing cultures, Period 8 3. Observe Cuongs class, unit Crossing cultures, Period 9  ¦ March 6th. 2012 4. Observe the first teaching of Kim Language Focus (Modal Verbs) Period 1 Room A2. 202. 5. Observe my instructors class, period 2-3, Room A2. 202.  ¦ March 8th. 2012 6. Observe the second teaching of Kim – Language Focus (Modal Verbs) Period 1 Room E1. 505. 7. Observe the third leaching of Trong Focus on Function (Invitation)- Period 2 Room E1. 505. 8. Research mora information to make lesson plan for third teaching. Week 6 (Mar. 12-Mar. 17) ¦ March 12th. 2011 1. Observe the third teaching of Duy- Word Power -Business headlines file -f Word family, period 2, Room A4. 103. 2. Observe the third teaching of Tuyen Language Focus, (Present perfect simple and continuous) -Period 1 Room A4. 103. 3. Observe the third teaching practice of Ha Focus on Functions (Offers and requests) Period 3 Room A4 103 4. Give the feedback for groups members to correct some mistakes in the last lesson plan for a better teaching period on March 15th . 2012 5. Give the third lesson plait for instructor and get feedback from her to correct it. ?March 13th 2012 6. Observe the fourth teaching of Duy-Word Power -Business headlines file Word family, period 2, Room A2. 202 7. Observe the fourth teaching practice of Tuyen Language Focus (Present perfect simple and continuous) Period 1- Room A2. 202. 8. Observe the fourth teaching practiceof Ha Focus on functions (Offers and requests) Period 3- Room A2. 202 9. Give the feedback lor groups members. Week 7 (Mar. 19 Mar. 24)? March 9th, 2012 1 Observe the third teaching practice of Kim Language Focus (Prepositions) Period 2 Room A4. 101. 2 Observe the fourth teaching practice of Tr? ng -Focus on Function (Invitation) Period 3 Room A4. 103. 3. Get the feedback from instructor and members in Week 8 (Mar. 26-Mar. 31)group, correct the third lesson plan and prepare for the fourth one.  ¦ March 20th. 2012 4. Observe the fourth teaching practice of Kim -Language Focus (Prepositions) Period 2 Room A2. 202. 5. Create a game and small party to say goodbye to students. II. Teaching schedule NO. DATEPLACECONTENTNOTE. 1Tuesday, February 28th, 2012Room A2. 202Unit 7: Changing Lives Part: Focus on function Opinions and suggestions; agreeing and disagreeingGeneral English 3, 51 students, pre-intermediate level. 2Thursday, February 1st, 2012Room E1 . 505Unit 7: Changing Lives Part: Focus on function Opinions and suggestions; agreeing and disagreeingGeneral English 3, 31 students, pre-intermediate level. 3Monday, March 20th, 2012Room A4. 103Unit 10: Will our planet survive? Part: Language focus Future with will; the first conditional; if and whenGeneral English 3, 51 students, pre-intermediate level. 4Tuesday, March 13th. 2012Room A2. 202Unit 10: Will our planet survive? Part: Language focus Future with will; the first conditional; if and whenGeneral English 3, 45 students, pre-intermediate level. III. Teaching materials 1. Lesson plan 2. Textbook 3. Student teaching evaluation form 4. Student teaching observation form C. Conclusion I. Reflection paper Through 8-week observation and teaching practice, I recognised that the teaching practicum give me useful first-hand experience and practical knowledge of teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language. Actually, this course helped me to apply the theory, methods and approaching, ets in real class. Moreover, it is important to know my own strengths and weaknesses. It also provided me a further opportunity to reflect upon my works as professionals. All these things are valuable experience for me to strive for the career in the future. First of all, I made a clear and specific plan for the course. So, I spent 47 periods in observation. Thanks to this, I had a chance to get familier with my students, such as ability, level, gender, interest, number of students, asmostphere and facilities in class. When I observered I noted down who are active and passive, equipments need to bo used. Then, I considered lesson plans with which activities I could apply in the class, which methods are suitable, what strategies were used to support my teaching and students learning. Secondly, I apprehened a lot of things from the intructors and other student teachers, I understood that there are three significant things which teachers should focus when teaching: interaction between teacher and student, professional responsibilties and knowledge and time mangement I found that although the knowledge is good, teaching method is not good. Ultimately, the job is not successful. Thirdly, when I observed I learnt a lot of useful things from the failure and success of my friends. The common mistake is the instructions were ineffective, which made students confused. However, I learnt a nice way from my peer to give intructions such as giving short sentences, using familiar words as well as emphasizing the important words. After the teacher gives intructions for an activity, he or she could make sure sudents have been about what to do in the activities by asking them some questions. Until he or she has check students understanding about it or her instructions, starts the activity. Furthermore, many student teachers did not give any samples or examples when they asked students to make conversation about some topics, so it was hard for students to know how they should do. In time management, most of apprentices lacked of it. Specifically, we could not divide reasonable time. Obviously, teacher talked more than students talked. Thus, my instructor suggested, let students practice more. I really appreciated her advice, it helped me improve a lot after that. The worse thing was we often went into overtime. It was the reason made us lose our self-control. Besides, few student teachers were not confident about their own ability and knowledge. I realized that it could have equally disastrous consequences. Hence, I reminded me look for more information or documents relating to the lesson. The speciality is know thoroughly the grammar points which we teach because if we are not clear what we say, how can we make others understand deeply? The benifits of utilizing multimedia in teaching are countless. Student teachers carefully considered to take full advantage of them. And so did I. Yet, we completely seemed to be bad at blackboard presentation. According to a lecturer, she suggested that the blackboard should be divided into two or three parts at the start of the lesson. For example: Additional example or explanationLesson Unit: Title (different color) (page no. ) I. Language focus grammar structure -use/ meaningAdditional example OrOr Students exercise or feed backexplantion This is a layout with 3 parts. If the board is small, we can divide as follow. Lesson Unit: Title (different color) (page no. ) I. Language focus grammar structure -use/meaning -etcAdditional example or explanation. Even something seems trifling like the way erase the board, gesture, manners and behaviour, etc. I was also instructed by my consultant. Thanks to her consideration, I made my own pedagogic style. Consequently, my instructor praise me tor this. Over two months, I look back what I got and what I did not. I evaluated my strength and weakness. My strong point is confidence. Thus, I could manage class well, designed task effective, engage all students in learning. The weak point was my pronunciation. Though I tried to correct it later classes, I still pronounced wrong. So, I made a plan for practice pronounce more to be better. Additionally, I learnt how to solve the problems that can occur in the classes, predict them problems and anticipate the solutions. That was very important for an effective teaching class. In short, base on knowledge gained through 2-month observation and teaching practice, the help of instructors and peers, I gained confidence in ability to devise and cary out EFL classroom learning activities. I applied the theory in school in real environment. In fact, the invaluable lessons and experience underlie for career in the future, I had a straight judge myself.